:root{font-family:Inter,Noto Sans CJK SC,PingFang SC,ui-sans-serif,system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,sans-serif;color:#252521;background:#f5f4ed;font-synthesis:none;font-size:17px;line-height:1.8;--ink: #252521;--muted: #74736b;--accent: #1b365d;--green: #1b365d;--line: #e3e1d6;--paper: #f5f4ed;--surface: #faf9f5;--soft: #efede4;--orange: #b66a41;--sidebar: 248px;--header: 60px}*{box-sizing:border-box}html{scroll-padding-top:90px}body{margin:0;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}button,input,select,textarea{font:inherit}button,a,input,select,textarea{touch-action:manipulation}button,.button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:10px;border:1px solid #d6d4c9;border-radius:6px;background:var(--surface);color:var(--accent);padding:9px 15px;font-size:.82rem;font-weight:550;cursor:pointer;text-decoration:none;line-height:1.5}button:hover:not(:disabled),.button:hover{background:#e9e6dc;border-color:#b5b4a8}button:disabled{opacity:.45;cursor:not-allowed}a{color:var(--accent);text-underline-offset:4px}button:focus-visible,a:focus-visible,input:focus-visible,select:focus-visible,textarea:focus-visible,summary:focus-visible{outline:3px solid #ba8e56;outline-offset:4px}.primary{background:var(--accent);color:#fff;border-color:var(--accent)}.primary:hover:not(:disabled){background:#2d5079;color:#fff}.text-button{border:0;background:transparent;padding:6px 0;font-size:.8rem}.sr-only{position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);white-space:nowrap}.skip-link{position:fixed;top:-80px;left:16px;z-index:100;background:var(--surface);padding:8px 20px}.skip-link:focus{top:8px}::selection{background:#ded9c7}main{min-width:0;padding-top:var(--header)}main:focus{outline:0}.site-header{height:var(--header);position:fixed;inset:0 0 auto;z-index:50;background:#f5f4edf2;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);-webkit-backdrop-filter:blur(15px);backdrop-filter:blur(15px);display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;padding:0 26px;gap:20px}.site-brand{display:flex;gap:11px;align-items:center;text-decoration:none;font-size:.75rem;font-weight:700;color:var(--ink)}.site-brand small{display:block;font-size:.5rem;letter-spacing:.1em;font-weight:500;color:var(--muted);line-height:1.4}.brand-mark{display:grid;place-items:center;width:31px;height:34px;border:1px solid var(--accent);color:var(--accent);font:italic 26px Georgia,serif}.header-links{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:25px;font-size:.75rem}.header-links a{text-decoration:none}.header-term{color:var(--muted);font-size:.68rem;border-left:1px solid var(--line);padding-left:24px}.mobile-menu{display:none}.sidebar{position:fixed;inset:var(--header) auto 0 0;width:var(--sidebar);border-right:1px solid var(--line);padding:26px 18px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;background:var(--paper);overflow-y:auto;z-index:40}.back-home{font-size:.73rem;text-decoration:none;color:var(--muted);padding:0 10px}.sidebar-title{padding:24px 10px 16px}.eyebrow{font-size:.64rem;font-weight:650;letter-spacing:.09em;color:var(--muted)}.sidebar-title h2{font:500 1.16rem/1.6 Georgia,serif;margin:8px 0 0}.chapter-search input{width:100%;padding:9px 12px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:var(--surface);font-size:.75rem;border-radius:6px}.chapter-search{margin:0 0 15px!important}.sidebar nav{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:3px}.sidebar nav a{display:flex;gap:12px;align-items:baseline;padding:10px;border-radius:5px;text-decoration:none;font-size:.76rem;line-height:1.5;color:#66655d}.sidebar nav a.active{background:#e8e6dc;color:var(--accent);font-weight:650}.sidebar nav a:hover{background:#eae8df}.chapter-number{font-size:.63rem;color:#99978e;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}.sidebar-bottom{margin-top:auto;padding:40px 10px 5px}.sidebar-bottom p{font-size:.74rem;color:var(--muted);line-height:1.9;margin:12px 0 18px}.download-link{font-size:.75rem;font-weight:600}.lesson-main{margin-left:var(--sidebar)}.content,.doc-preface,.chapter-heading{max-width:1150px;margin:0 auto;padding-left:50px;padding-right:50px}.doc-preface{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:15px;color:#99968a;font-size:.69rem;padding-top:30px}.doc-preface a{color:#717063;text-decoration:none}.chapter-heading{padding-top:29px}h1{font:400 clamp(2.1rem,3.3vw,2.95rem)/1.25 Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;letter-spacing:-.025em;color:var(--ink);margin:14px 0 25px;max-width:930px}.chapter-jumps{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:14px;padding-bottom:20px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);font-size:.75rem;color:#aaa599}.chapter-jumps button{background:transparent;border:0;padding:4px 0;font-size:.73rem;color:#666454}.chapter-jumps button:hover{background:transparent!important;color:var(--accent)}.runtime-bar{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:7px;font-size:.65rem;color:#848175;min-height:22px;margin-top:18px}.status-dot{width:5px;height:5px;border-radius:50%;background:#ba945a}.status-dot.ready{background:#69856c}.chapter-theory{padding:29px 0 0}.section-label{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;font-size:.62rem;font-weight:650;color:#8c897c;letter-spacing:.07em;margin:0 0 15px}.section-label>span{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:22px;height:22px;border:1px solid #d7d4c6;border-radius:50%;font-size:.57rem;letter-spacing:0;color:#847d68}h2{font:500 1.5rem/1.45 Georgia,serif;color:#242720;margin:0 0 20px;letter-spacing:-.01em}h3{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.55;font-weight:600;margin:15px 0}p{margin:14px 0;font-size:.94rem;line-height:1.95;color:#4b4b43}.theory-paragraphs{max-width:860px}.theory-paragraphs p{margin:18px 0}.equation-card{background:var(--surface);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:7px;margin:27px 0;padding:18px 27px}.math-display{display:block;overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden;max-width:100%;padding:6px 0;font-size:1.02rem}.math-display .katex-display{margin:.7em 0}.math-inline{font-size:1em}.notation-list{margin:10px 0 0;padding-top:14px;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}.notation-list>div{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(130px,auto) 1fr;gap:24px;margin:10px 0;font-size:.78rem}.notation-list dt{color:var(--accent)}.notation-list dd{margin:0;color:#727165}.concept-note{border-left:3px solid #c5b386;padding:10px 20px;margin:24px 0;background:#eeebdf}.concept-note>span{font-size:.73rem;font-weight:650;color:#71634a}.concept-note p{font-size:.85rem;margin:7px 0;line-height:1.85}.chapter-experiment,.chapter-python,.python-practice{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:35px;margin-top:42px;scroll-margin-top:85px}#concept{scroll-margin-top:85px}.lede{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.85;max-width:880px;color:#58574b;margin:0 0 26px}.panel{background:var(--surface);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:8px;padding:26px;margin-bottom:24px;min-width:0}.panel h2{font-family:inherit;font-size:1.02rem;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:0}.panel p{font-size:.85rem}.panel-heading{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:18px;margin-bottom:22px}.panel-heading h2{margin:4px 0 0}.pill{font-size:.66rem;white-space:nowrap;padding:5px 10px;border-radius:30px;background:#eae8dd;color:#716f62}.two-col{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:22px}.gallery:not(.errors){display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(6,minmax(0,1fr));gap:10px}.digit-button{padding:10px;border:1px solid transparent;background:#f0eee6;border-radius:5px}.digit-button.selected{border-color:#6c8096;background:#e8eced}.pixel-figure{margin:0;display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;max-width:100%}.pixel-surface{position:relative;max-width:100%;flex-shrink:0}.pixel-figure canvas{max-width:100%;object-fit:contain;image-rendering:pixelated;border:1px solid #e6e4da;border-radius:3px;background:#f9f9f9}.pixel-figure figcaption{font-size:.72rem;margin-top:10px;color:#6e6a5f;text-align:center}.pixel-inspect{display:block;min-height:32px;font-size:.58rem;text-align:center;color:#969181;margin-top:3px;max-width:250px}.patch-overlay{position:absolute;inset:0;width:100%;height:100%;pointer-events:none}.image-and-text{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:22px}.image-and-text .pixel-figure{flex-shrink:0}.equation{font:400 1.4rem Georgia,serif;color:var(--accent);margin:18px 0}.muted{color:var(--muted);font-size:.73rem!important}.split-list{margin:0}.split-list>div{display:grid;grid-template-columns:100px 1fr;gap:15px;padding:15px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.split-list>div:last-child{border-bottom:0}.split-list dt{font:1.4rem Georgia,serif;color:var(--accent)}.split-list dt span{display:block;font:500 .65rem system-ui;margin-top:6px;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.04em}.split-list dd{margin:0;font-size:.75rem;color:var(--muted)}.question{padding:18px 23px;margin:24px 0;background:#ece9dd;border-left:3px solid #b7ab8b;border-radius:0 5px 5px 0}.question>span{font-size:.6rem;font-weight:650;letter-spacing:.07em;color:#82714d}.question p{margin:6px 0 0;font-size:.9rem;line-height:1.9;color:#615b48}.control-row{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:24px;flex-wrap:wrap;padding-bottom:20px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);margin-bottom:24px}.control-row label{flex:1;min-width:180px;margin-bottom:0}label{display:block;color:#54584f;font-size:.75rem;font-weight:550;margin-bottom:16px}select,input[type=number],textarea{display:block;width:100%;border:1px solid #d9d6c9;background:#f5f4ed;border-radius:5px;color:#3d494d;padding:9px 10px;font-size:.8rem;margin-top:7px}textarea{resize:vertical;font-weight:400}input[type=range]{display:block;width:100%;accent-color:var(--accent);margin:17px 0 0}input[type=checkbox]{accent-color:var(--accent);width:16px;height:16px;flex-shrink:0}.check{display:flex;gap:9px;align-items:center;font-weight:450}.image-row{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:28px;flex-wrap:wrap;padding:8px 0}.image-arrow{font-size:2rem;color:#b0ab98}.stat-stack{max-width:170px}.stat-stack>span{display:block;font-size:.62rem;color:var(--muted);margin-top:16px}.stat-stack strong{display:block;font:1.25rem Georgia,serif;margin-top:6px}.spaced-list{padding-left:20px;font-size:.85rem;color:#666458}.spaced-list li{margin:15px 0}.metrics{display:flex;gap:20px;flex-wrap:wrap;padding:18px 0 0;margin-top:18px;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}.metrics>div{flex:1;min-width:115px}.metrics span{display:block;font-size:.66rem;color:var(--muted);margin-bottom:8px}.metrics strong{font-size:1.4rem;font-weight:550;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;color:var(--accent)}.takeaway{padding:5px 0 23px;max-width:880px;font-size:.88rem;line-height:1.9;color:#625e50}details{background:var(--soft);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:5px;margin:18px 0;padding:12px 18px}summary{cursor:pointer;font-size:.78rem;font-weight:550;color:#626052}pre{overflow:auto;font-size:.77rem;line-height:1.85;tab-size:4;margin:0}code{font-family:SFMono-Regular,Cascadia Code,Consolas,Menlo,monospace;font-size:.84em}p code,li code{padding:2px 4px;border-radius:3px;background:#e9e6da;color:#695331}pre code{font-size:inherit}.training-layout{display:grid;grid-template-columns:245px minmax(0,1fr);gap:22px}.controls-panel label{margin-bottom:16px}.controls-panel .primary{width:100%}fieldset{padding:0;border:0;margin:0;min-width:0}.chart{margin:8px 0 0}.chart svg{display:block;width:100%;overflow:visible}.chart text{font:11px system-ui;fill:#827d6f}.legend{display:flex;justify-content:center;gap:24px;font-size:.73rem;color:#7f7866}.legend span{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:7px}.legend i{height:3px;width:19px;display:inline-block}.empty-chart{display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;justify-content:center;min-height:320px;text-align:center;color:#888071}.empty-chart>span{font-size:3rem;color:#b8b2a1}.empty-chart h3{color:#585e52;font-size:1.1rem}.table-scroll{overflow-x:auto}table{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:.77rem;text-align:left}th{font-size:.68rem;color:#726e5e;font-weight:650;border-bottom:1px solid #cfcaba;padding:12px 10px}td{padding:14px 10px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);vertical-align:top}td button{padding:4px 10px;font-size:.72rem}.selected-row{background:#eaece6}.confusion{margin:20px 0}.confusion td{font-size:1.5rem;text-align:center}.confusion .diagonal{background:#e8ede9;color:var(--accent)}.errors{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:18px;margin-top:25px}.errors figcaption{max-width:110px;font-size:.65rem}.chapter-footer{border-top:1px solid var(--line);margin-top:50px;padding:25px 0 45px;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:25px;font-size:.82rem}.chapter-footer a{text-decoration:none}.chapter-footer a:last-child{text-align:right}.chapter-footer small{display:block;font-size:.57rem;letter-spacing:.07em;color:#97907c;margin-bottom:6px}.error-box{border:1px solid #d29f8d;background:#fff0ea;padding:18px;border-radius:6px;font-size:.8rem;overflow-wrap:anywhere}.placeholder{min-height:110px;display:grid;place-items:center;color:var(--muted)}.python-code{background:#efede4;border:1px solid #dfdbcc;border-radius:7px;overflow:hidden;margin:22px 0}.code-toolbar,.editor-toolbar{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;padding:9px 16px;background:#e8e5d9;border-bottom:1px solid #dedace;font-size:.65rem;color:#78715e}.code-toolbar button,.editor-toolbar button{font-size:.62rem;border:0;background:transparent;padding:3px 6px;color:#7d7159}.python-code pre{padding:16px 0 18px;overflow:auto;font-size:.76rem}.code-line{display:flex;min-width:max-content;width:100%;padding:1px 20px 1px 0;background:transparent!important;border:0;border-radius:0;text-align:left;justify-content:flex-start;gap:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit;font-weight:400;line-height:1.85;color:#3c4350}.code-line>span:last-child{white-space:pre}.line-number{width:44px;flex-shrink:0;display:inline-block;text-align:right;padding-right:16px;color:#a8a092;font-size:.68rem;-webkit-user-select:none;user-select:none}.code-line.line-active{background:#dedecb!important;box-shadow:inset 3px 0 #8f9c88}.code-line:not(span):hover{background:#e5e2d6!important}.hljs-keyword,.hljs-literal{color:#82539a}.hljs-built_in,.hljs-title,.hljs-type{color:#285881}.hljs-number{color:#aa603d}.hljs-string{color:#547046}.hljs-comment{color:#8e8775;font-style:italic}.hljs-params{color:#484d53}.step-layout{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:24px;margin-top:24px;align-items:start}.step-layout .python-code{margin:0;position:sticky;top:90px}.step-observation{background:var(--surface);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:7px;padding:20px}.step-observation h3{font-size:1.05rem;margin:22px 0 10px}.step-observation p,.step-observation .math-display{font-size:.82rem}.step-controls{display:flex;gap:10px;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center}.step-controls button{font-size:.65rem;padding:6px 9px}.step-controls>span{font-size:.63rem;color:var(--muted);white-space:nowrap}.variable-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:0 14px;margin-top:22px}.variable-grid>div{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding:12px 0;min-width:0}.variable-grid span,.feature-inspector span{display:block;font-size:.66rem;color:#87806d}.variable-grid code{font-size:.75rem;color:#394d60}.step-result{padding:10px;background:#e5ecdf;border-radius:4px;color:#456443!important}.feature-inspector{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:24px;padding:20px 23px;background:#ece9de;border-radius:6px;margin:22px 0;font-size:.76rem}.feature-inspector label{flex:1;margin:0;min-width:120px}.feature-inspector>div{flex:1;min-width:0}.feature-inspector strong{font:400 .8rem ui-monospace,monospace}.trace-images{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:25px;margin-top:20px}.trace-images p{font-size:.76rem;max-width:350px}.python-practice{padding-bottom:15px}.practice-challenge{max-width:850px}.editor-toolbar{border:1px solid #ddd8c8;border-radius:6px 6px 0 0;margin-top:22px}.python-editor{border:1px solid #ddd8c8;border-top:0;background:var(--surface);border-radius:0 0 6px 6px;overflow:hidden}.python-editor .cm-editor{font-size:.77rem;line-height:1.95;background:var(--surface);outline:0}.python-editor .cm-content{font-family:SFMono-Regular,Consolas,monospace;padding:13px 0}.python-editor .cm-gutters{background:#eeece3;border-right:1px solid #e5dfd1;color:#a49a86;font-size:.68rem}.python-editor .cm-activeLine,.python-editor .cm-activeLineGutter{background:#e9e6d980}.python-editor .cm-editor.cm-focused{outline:2px solid #bcb49e;outline-offset:1px}.editor-actions{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:18px;margin:15px 0}.editor-actions>span{font-size:.66rem;color:#8b826e;max-width:440px}.python-output{background:#eaece5;border-left:3px solid #9cae96;padding:15px 20px;margin-top:18px;border-radius:0 5px 5px 0}.python-output pre{margin:8px 0;font-family:ui-monospace,monospace;font-size:.73rem}.execution-error{font:.76rem ui-monospace,monospace;color:#a84b38}.available-variables p{font-size:.78rem}.notebook-bridge{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:26px;margin:27px 0 15px;border:1px solid #d8d7ca;border-radius:6px;padding:22px 25px;background:#efefe5}.notebook-bridge h3{margin:6px 0;font-size:1.02rem}.notebook-bridge p{margin:7px 0 0;font-size:.8rem;max-width:630px}.notebook-bridge a{flex-shrink:0;font-size:.78rem}.beyond-section{margin:20px 0 44px}.beyond-section>p{max-width:890px}.xor-layout{display:grid;grid-template-columns:320px minmax(0,1fr);gap:30px;align-items:center}.xor-plot{width:100%;max-width:340px}.xor-plot text{font:12px system-ui;fill:#75715f}.xor-layout .math-display{font-size:.86rem}.convolution-layout{display:flex;justify-content:space-around;gap:20px;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap}.kernel-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:5px;margin:15px 0}.kernel-grid>span{background:#eae6d9;border:1px solid #dbd4c1;min-width:54px;text-align:center;padding:7px 3px;font:.76rem ui-monospace,monospace;color:#4e584c}.kernel-grid small{display:block;font-size:.63rem;color:#918067;margin-top:5px}.kernel-result{font-size:.8rem;display:block;text-align:center}.further-reading{font-size:.76rem}.not-found{max-width:1000px;margin:100px auto;padding:40px}.course-index{max-width:960px;margin:65px auto;padding:0 32px}.course-index h1{margin-bottom:40px}.tutorial-list{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}.tutorial-list li{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.tutorial-list a{display:grid;grid-template-columns:48px minmax(0,1fr) 24px;gap:22px;align-items:center;padding:26px 12px;text-decoration:none}.tutorial-list a:hover{background:var(--soft)}.tutorial-list-number{font:1.6rem Georgia,serif;color:var(--muted)}.tutorial-list strong{display:block;font-weight:500;font-size:1.15rem}.tutorial-list small{display:block;color:var(--muted);margin-top:5px;font-size:.78rem}.tutorial-list-arrow{font-size:1.2rem}.tutorial-overview{padding:0 0 65px}.tutorial-overview section{padding:26px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.tutorial-overview .overview-intro{padding-top:0}.tutorial-overview h2{margin:8px 0 16px}.tutorial-overview p{max-width:850px}.overview-route{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:24px 0 0}.overview-route>li{display:grid;grid-template-columns:36px minmax(0,1fr);gap:20px;padding-bottom:28px}.overview-route>li:last-child{padding-bottom:0}.overview-stage-number{color:var(--muted);font-size:.74rem;padding-top:4px}.overview-route h3{margin:0;font-size:1rem}.overview-route p{margin:8px 0 12px;color:#676459;font-size:.88rem}.overview-chapter-links{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:7px 22px;font-size:.77rem}.overview-objectives{padding-left:22px}.overview-objectives li{padding-left:6px;margin:14px 0;max-width:840px}.overview-preparation{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:38px}.overview-preparation p,.overview-format{font-size:.88rem;color:#676459}.overview-format{margin:28px 0 22px}@media(max-width:600px){.course-index{margin:38px auto;padding:0 22px}.tutorial-list a{grid-template-columns:30px minmax(0,1fr) 16px;gap:14px;padding:22px 0}.tutorial-list strong{font-size:1rem}.tutorial-list small{font-size:.75rem}.overview-route>li{grid-template-columns:24px minmax(0,1fr);gap:10px}.overview-preparation{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:15px}}@media(min-width:1700px){:root{font-size:18px;--sidebar: 272px}.content,.doc-preface,.chapter-heading{max-width:1250px}}@media(max-width:1200px){:root{--sidebar: 218px}.content,.doc-preface,.chapter-heading{padding-left:32px;padding-right:32px}.two-col{grid-template-columns:1fr}.image-and-text{justify-content:center}.step-layout{grid-template-columns:1fr}.step-layout .python-code{position:static}.training-layout{grid-template-columns:225px minmax(0,1fr)}.xor-layout{grid-template-columns:260px minmax(0,1fr)}}@media(max-width:850px){:root{--sidebar: 0px;--header: 58px}.site-header{padding:0 17px}.site-brand{font-size:.65rem}.brand-mark{width:28px;height:30px;font-size:23px}.header-links{gap:15px;font-size:.67rem}.header-term{display:none}.header-links>a:nth-child(2){display:none}.mobile-menu{display:inline-flex;font-size:.65rem;padding:6px 9px}.sidebar{display:none;width:280px;box-shadow:10px 0 30px #37342520}.sidebar.is-open{display:flex}.lesson-main{margin-left:0}.doc-preface{padding-top:23px}.content,.doc-preface,.chapter-heading{padding-left:24px;padding-right:24px}.convolution-layout{gap:25px}.chapter-heading h1{font-size:2.3rem}.step-layout{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}.xor-layout{grid-template-columns:280px 1fr}}@media(max-width:600px){:root{font-size:16px}.site-brand small{font-size:.45rem}.header-links>a{font-size:.63rem}.site-header{gap:10px}.content,.doc-preface,.chapter-heading{padding-left:20px;padding-right:20px}.doc-preface{font-size:.61rem}.doc-preface>span{display:none}.chapter-heading{padding-top:20px}.chapter-heading h1{font-size:2rem;line-height:1.3}.chapter-jumps{gap:8px;justify-content:space-between}.chapter-jumps button{font-size:.64rem}.chapter-jumps>span{font-size:.65rem}.chapter-theory{padding-top:23px}.chapter-theory h2{font-size:1.35rem}.equation-card{padding:14px 16px}.math-display{font-size:.84rem}.notation-list>div{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:5px;font-size:.77rem;margin:13px 0}.section-label{font-size:.58rem}.chapter-experiment,.chapter-python,.python-practice{padding-top:27px;margin-top:34px}.panel{padding:19px}.panel-heading{flex-wrap:wrap}.gallery:not(.errors){grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:8px}.image-and-text{flex-direction:column}.image-row{gap:20px}.image-arrow{display:none}.stat-stack{max-width:none;width:100%;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:15px;align-items:center}.stat-stack p{margin:0}.stat-stack>span{margin:0}.control-row{gap:18px}.control-row label{min-width:140px}.training-layout{grid-template-columns:1fr}.controls-panel fieldset{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:0 18px}.metrics strong{font-size:1.3rem}.step-layout{grid-template-columns:1fr}.feature-inspector{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:17px;padding:17px}.feature-inspector label{flex-basis:100%}.trace-images{flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:center}.trace-images p{max-width:none}.editor-actions{flex-wrap:wrap}.editor-actions>span{flex-basis:100%}.notebook-bridge{flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start;padding:18px;gap:17px}.xor-layout{grid-template-columns:1fr}.xor-plot{max-width:300px;margin:auto}.convolution-layout{flex-direction:column}.chapter-footer{font-size:.74rem}.chapter-footer small{font-size:.52rem}.not-found{margin:50px 0;padding:25px}}@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){*{scroll-behavior:auto!important;transition:none!important}}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_AMS;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(./KaTeX_AMS-Regular-BQhdFMY1.woff2) format("woff2"),url(./KaTeX_AMS-Regular-DMm9YOAa.woff) format("woff"),url(./KaTeX_AMS-Regular-DRggAlZN.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_Caligraphic;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;src:url(./KaTeX_Caligraphic-Bold-Dq_IR9rO.woff2) format("woff2"),url(./KaTeX_Caligraphic-Bold-BEiXGLvX.woff) format("woff"),url(./KaTeX_Caligraphic-Bold-ATXxdsX0.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_Caligraphic;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(./KaTeX_Caligraphic-Regular-Di6jR-x-.woff2) format("woff2"),url(./KaTeX_Caligraphic-Regular-CTRA-rTL.woff) format("woff"),url(./KaTeX_Caligraphic-Regular-wX97UBjC.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_Fraktur;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;src:url(./KaTeX_Fraktur-Bold-CL6g_b3V.woff2) format("woff2"),url(./KaTeX_Fraktur-Bold-BsDP51OF.woff) format("woff"),url(./KaTeX_Fraktur-Bold-BdnERNNW.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_Fraktur;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(./KaTeX_Fraktur-Regular-CTYiF6lA.woff2) format("woff2"),url(./KaTeX_Fraktur-Regular-Dxdc4cR9.woff) format("woff"),url(./KaTeX_Fraktur-Regular-CB_wures.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_Main;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;src:url(./KaTeX_Main-Bold-Cx986IdX.woff2) format("woff2"),url(./KaTeX_Main-Bold-Jm3AIy58.woff) format("woff"),url(./KaTeX_Main-Bold-waoOVXN0.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_Main;font-style:italic;font-weight:700;src:url(./KaTeX_Main-BoldItalic-DxDJ3AOS.woff2) format("woff2"),url(./KaTeX_Main-BoldItalic-SpSLRI95.woff) format("woff"),url(./KaTeX_Main-BoldItalic-DzxPMmG6.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_Main;font-style:italic;font-weight:400;src:url(./KaTeX_Main-Italic-NWA7e6Wa.woff2) format("woff2"),url(./KaTeX_Main-Italic-BMLOBm91.woff) format("woff"),url(./KaTeX_Main-Italic-3WenGoN9.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_Main;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(./KaTeX_Main-Regular-B22Nviop.woff2) format("woff2"),url(./KaTeX_Main-Regular-Dr94JaBh.woff) format("woff"),url(./KaTeX_Main-Regular-ypZvNtVU.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_Math;font-style:italic;font-weight:700;src:url(./KaTeX_Math-BoldItalic-CZnvNsCZ.woff2) format("woff2"),url(./KaTeX_Math-BoldItalic-iY-2wyZ7.woff) format("woff"),url(./KaTeX_Math-BoldItalic-B3XSjfu4.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_Math;font-style:italic;font-weight:400;src:url(./KaTeX_Math-Italic-t53AETM-.woff2) format("woff2"),url(./KaTeX_Math-Italic-DA0__PXp.woff) format("woff"),url(./KaTeX_Math-Italic-flOr_0UB.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_SansSerif;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;src:url(./KaTeX_SansSerif-Bold-D1sUS0GD.woff2) format("woff2"),url(./KaTeX_SansSerif-Bold-DbIhKOiC.woff) format("woff"),url(./KaTeX_SansSerif-Bold-CFMepnvq.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_SansSerif;font-style:italic;font-weight:400;src:url(./KaTeX_SansSerif-Italic-C3H0VqGB.woff2) format("woff2"),url(./KaTeX_SansSerif-Italic-DN2j7dab.woff) format("woff"),url(./KaTeX_SansSerif-Italic-YYjJ1zSn.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_SansSerif;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(./KaTeX_SansSerif-Regular-DDBCnlJ7.woff2) format("woff2"),url(./KaTeX_SansSerif-Regular-CS6fqUqJ.woff) format("woff"),url(./KaTeX_SansSerif-Regular-BNo7hRIc.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_Script;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(./KaTeX_Script-Regular-D3wIWfF6.woff2) format("woff2"),url(./KaTeX_Script-Regular-D5yQViql.woff) format("woff"),url(./KaTeX_Script-Regular-C5JkGWo-.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_Size1;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(./KaTeX_Size1-Regular-mCD8mA8B.woff2) format("woff2"),url(./KaTeX_Size1-Regular-C195tn64.woff) format("woff"),url(./KaTeX_Size1-Regular-Dbsnue_I.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_Size2;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(./KaTeX_Size2-Regular-Dy4dx90m.woff2) format("woff2"),url(./KaTeX_Size2-Regular-oD1tc_U0.woff) format("woff"),url(./KaTeX_Size2-Regular-B7gKUWhC.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_Size3;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(data:font/woff2;base64,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) format("woff2"),url(./KaTeX_Size3-Regular-CTq5MqoE.woff) format("woff"),url(./KaTeX_Size3-Regular-DgpXs0kz.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_Size4;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(./KaTeX_Size4-Regular-Dl5lxZxV.woff2) format("woff2"),url(./KaTeX_Size4-Regular-BF-4gkZK.woff) format("woff"),url(./KaTeX_Size4-Regular-DWFBv043.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_Typewriter;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(./KaTeX_Typewriter-Regular-CO6r4hn1.woff2) format("woff2"),url(./KaTeX_Typewriter-Regular-C0xS9mPB.woff) format("woff"),url(./KaTeX_Typewriter-Regular-D3Ib7_Hf.ttf) format("truetype")}.katex{font: 1.21em KaTeX_Main,math,Times New Roman,serif;line-height:1.2;position:relative;text-indent:0;text-rendering:auto}.katex *{-ms-high-contrast-adjust:none!important;border-color:currentColor}.katex .katex-version:after{content:"0.19.0"}.katex .katex-mathml{border:0;-webkit-clip-path:inset(50%);clip-path:inset(50%);height:1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}.katex .katex-html>.katex-newline{display:block}.katex .katex-base{position:relative;white-space:nowrap;width:-webkit-min-content;width:-moz-min-content;width:min-content}.katex .katex-base,.katex .katex-strut{display:inline-block}.katex .textbf{font-weight:700}.katex .textit{font-style:italic}.katex .textrm{font-family:KaTeX_Main}.katex .textsf{font-family:KaTeX_SansSerif}.katex .texttt{font-family:KaTeX_Typewriter}.katex .mathnormal{font-family:KaTeX_Math;font-style:italic}.katex .mathit{font-family:KaTeX_Main;font-style:italic}.katex .mathrm{font-style:normal}.katex .mathbf{font-family:KaTeX_Main;font-weight:700}.katex .boldsymbol{font-family:KaTeX_Math;font-style:italic;font-weight:700}.katex .amsrm,.katex .mathbb,.katex .textbb{font-family:KaTeX_AMS}.katex .mathcal{font-family:KaTeX_Caligraphic}.katex .mathfrak,.katex .textfrak{font-family:KaTeX_Fraktur}.katex .mathboldfrak,.katex .textboldfrak{font-family:KaTeX_Fraktur;font-weight:700}.katex .mathtt{font-family:KaTeX_Typewriter}.katex .mathscr,.katex .textscr{font-family:KaTeX_Script}.katex .mathsf,.katex .textsf{font-family:KaTeX_SansSerif}.katex .mathboldsf,.katex .textboldsf{font-family:KaTeX_SansSerif;font-weight:700}.katex .mathitsf,.katex .mathsfit,.katex .textitsf{font-family:KaTeX_SansSerif;font-style:italic}.katex .mainrm{font-family:KaTeX_Main;font-style:normal}.katex .vlist-t{border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;table-layout:fixed}.katex .vlist-r{display:table-row}.katex .vlist{display:table-cell;position:relative;vertical-align:bottom}.katex .vlist>span{display:block;height:0;position:relative}.katex .vlist>span>span{display:inline-block}.katex .vlist>span>.pstrut{overflow:hidden;width:0}.katex .vlist-t2{margin-right:-2px}.katex .vlist-s{display:table-cell;font-size:1px;min-width:2px;vertical-align:bottom;width:2px}.katex .katex-vbox{align-items:baseline;display:inline-flex;flex-direction:column}.katex .katex-thinbox{display:inline-flex;flex-direction:row;max-width:0;width:0}.katex .msupsub{text-align:left}.katex .mfrac>span>span{text-align:center}.katex .mfrac .frac-line{border-bottom-style:solid;display:inline-block;width:100%}.katex .katex-hdashline,.katex .katex-hline,.katex .katex-overline .overline-line,.katex .katex-rule,.katex .katex-underline .underline-line,.katex .mfrac .frac-line{min-height:1px}.katex .mspace{display:inline-block}.katex .katex-smash{display:inline;line-height:0}.katex .clap,.katex .llap,.katex .rlap{position:relative;width:0}.katex .clap>.katex-inner,.katex .llap>.katex-inner,.katex .rlap>.katex-inner{position:absolute}.katex .clap>.katex-fix,.katex .llap>.katex-fix,.katex .rlap>.katex-fix{display:inline-block}.katex .llap>.katex-inner{right:0}.katex .clap>.katex-inner,.katex .rlap>.katex-inner{left:0}.katex .clap>.katex-inner>span{margin-left:-50%;margin-right:50%}.katex .katex-rule{border:0 solid;display:inline-block;position:relative}.katex .katex-hline,.katex .katex-overline .overline-line,.katex .katex-underline .underline-line{border-bottom-style:solid;display:inline-block;width:100%}.katex .katex-hdashline{border-bottom-style:dashed;display:inline-block;width:100%}.katex .sqrt>.katex-root{margin-left:.2777777778em;margin-right:-.5555555556em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size1.size1,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size1.size1{font-size:1em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size1.size2,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size1.size2{font-size:1.2em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size1.size3,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size1.size3{font-size:1.4em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size1.size4,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size1.size4{font-size:1.6em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size1.size5,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size1.size5{font-size:1.8em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size1.size6,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size1.size6{font-size:2em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size1.size7,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size1.size7{font-size:2.4em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size1.size8,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size1.size8{font-size:2.88em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size1.size9,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size1.size9{font-size:3.456em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size1.size10,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size1.size10{font-size:4.148em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size1.size11,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size1.size11{font-size:4.976em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size2.size1,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size2.size1{font-size:.8333333333em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size2.size2,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size2.size2{font-size:1em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size2.size3,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size2.size3{font-size:1.1666666667em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size2.size4,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size2.size4{font-size:1.3333333333em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size2.size5,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size2.size5{font-size:1.5em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size2.size6,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size2.size6{font-size:1.6666666667em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size2.size7,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size2.size7{font-size:2em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size2.size8,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size2.size8{font-size:2.4em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size2.size9,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size2.size9{font-size:2.88em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size2.size10,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size2.size10{font-size:3.4566666667em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size2.size11,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size2.size11{font-size:4.1466666667em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size3.size1,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size3.size1{font-size:.7142857143em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size3.size2,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size3.size2{font-size:.8571428571em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size3.size3,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size3.size3{font-size:1em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size3.size4,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size3.size4{font-size:1.1428571429em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size3.size5,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size3.size5{font-size:1.2857142857em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size3.size6,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size3.size6{font-size:1.4285714286em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size3.size7,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size3.size7{font-size:1.7142857143em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size3.size8,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size3.size8{font-size:2.0571428571em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size3.size9,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size3.size9{font-size:2.4685714286em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size3.size10,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size3.size10{font-size:2.9628571429em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size3.size11,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size3.size11{font-size:3.5542857143em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size4.size1,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size4.size1{font-size:.625em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size4.size2,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size4.size2{font-size:.75em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size4.size3,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size4.size3{font-size:.875em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size4.size4,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size4.size4{font-size:1em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size4.size5,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size4.size5{font-size:1.125em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size4.size6,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size4.size6{font-size:1.25em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size4.size7,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size4.size7{font-size:1.5em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size4.size8,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size4.size8{font-size:1.8em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size4.size9,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size4.size9{font-size:2.16em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size4.size10,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size4.size10{font-size:2.5925em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size4.size11,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size4.size11{font-size:3.11em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size5.size1,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size5.size1{font-size:.5555555556em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size5.size2,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size5.size2{font-size:.6666666667em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size5.size3,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size5.size3{font-size:.7777777778em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size5.size4,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size5.size4{font-size:.8888888889em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size5.size5,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size5.size5{font-size:1em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size5.size6,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size5.size6{font-size:1.1111111111em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size5.size7,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size5.size7{font-size:1.3333333333em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size5.size8,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size5.size8{font-size:1.6em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size5.size9,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size5.size9{font-size:1.92em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size5.size10,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size5.size10{font-size:2.3044444444em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size5.size11,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size5.size11{font-size:2.7644444444em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size6.size1,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size6.size1{font-size:.5em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size6.size2,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size6.size2{font-size:.6em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size6.size3,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size6.size3{font-size:.7em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size6.size4,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size6.size4{font-size:.8em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size6.size5,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size6.size5{font-size:.9em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size6.size6,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size6.size6{font-size:1em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size6.size7,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size6.size7{font-size:1.2em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size6.size8,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size6.size8{font-size:1.44em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size6.size9,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size6.size9{font-size:1.728em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size6.size10,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size6.size10{font-size:2.074em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size6.size11,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size6.size11{font-size:2.488em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size7.size1,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size7.size1{font-size:.4166666667em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size7.size2,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size7.size2{font-size:.5em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size7.size3,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size7.size3{font-size:.5833333333em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size7.size4,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size7.size4{font-size:.6666666667em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size7.size5,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size7.size5{font-size:.75em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size7.size6,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size7.size6{font-size:.8333333333em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size7.size7,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size7.size7{font-size:1em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size7.size8,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size7.size8{font-size:1.2em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size7.size9,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size7.size9{font-size:1.44em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size7.size10,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size7.size10{font-size:1.7283333333em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size7.size11,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size7.size11{font-size:2.0733333333em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size8.size1,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size8.size1{font-size:.3472222222em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size8.size2,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size8.size2{font-size:.4166666667em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size8.size3,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size8.size3{font-size:.4861111111em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size8.size4,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size8.size4{font-size:.5555555556em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size8.size5,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size8.size5{font-size:.625em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size8.size6,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size8.size6{font-size:.6944444444em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size8.size7,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size8.size7{font-size:.8333333333em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size8.size8,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size8.size8{font-size:1em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size8.size9,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size8.size9{font-size:1.2em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size8.size10,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size8.size10{font-size:1.4402777778em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size8.size11,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size8.size11{font-size:1.7277777778em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size9.size1,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size9.size1{font-size:.2893518519em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size9.size2,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size9.size2{font-size:.3472222222em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size9.size3,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size9.size3{font-size:.4050925926em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size9.size4,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size9.size4{font-size:.462962963em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size9.size5,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size9.size5{font-size:.5208333333em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size9.size6,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size9.size6{font-size:.5787037037em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size9.size7,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size9.size7{font-size:.6944444444em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size9.size8,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size9.size8{font-size:.8333333333em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size9.size9,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size9.size9{font-size:1em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size9.size10,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size9.size10{font-size:1.2002314815em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size9.size11,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size9.size11{font-size:1.4398148148em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size10.size1,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size10.size1{font-size:.2410800386em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size10.size2,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size10.size2{font-size:.2892960463em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size10.size3,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size10.size3{font-size:.337512054em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size10.size4,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size10.size4{font-size:.3857280617em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size10.size5,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size10.size5{font-size:.4339440694em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size10.size6,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size10.size6{font-size:.4821600771em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size10.size7,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size10.size7{font-size:.5785920926em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size10.size8,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size10.size8{font-size:.6943105111em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size10.size9,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size10.size9{font-size:.8331726133em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size10.size10,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size10.size10{font-size:1em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size10.size11,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size10.size11{font-size:1.1996142719em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size11.size1,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size11.size1{font-size:.2009646302em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size11.size2,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size11.size2{font-size:.2411575563em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size11.size3,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size11.size3{font-size:.2813504823em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size11.size4,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size11.size4{font-size:.3215434084em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size11.size5,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size11.size5{font-size:.3617363344em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size11.size6,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size11.size6{font-size:.4019292605em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size11.size7,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size11.size7{font-size:.4823151125em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size11.size8,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size11.size8{font-size:.578778135em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size11.size9,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size11.size9{font-size:.6945337621em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size11.size10,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size11.size10{font-size:.8336012862em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size11.size11,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size11.size11{font-size:1em}.katex .delimsizing.size1{font-family:KaTeX_Size1}.katex .delimsizing.size2{font-family:KaTeX_Size2}.katex .delimsizing.size3{font-family:KaTeX_Size3}.katex .delimsizing.size4{font-family:KaTeX_Size4}.katex .delimsizing.mult .delim-size1>span{font-family:KaTeX_Size1}.katex .delimsizing.mult .delim-size4>span{font-family:KaTeX_Size4}.katex .nulldelimiter{display:inline-block;width:.12em}.katex .delimcenter,.katex .op-symbol{position:relative}.katex .op-symbol.small-op{font-family:KaTeX_Size1}.katex .op-symbol.large-op{font-family:KaTeX_Size2}.katex .katex-accent>.vlist-t,.katex .op-limits>.vlist-t{text-align:center}.katex .katex-accent .accent-body{position:relative}.katex .katex-accent .accent-body:not(.accent-full){width:0}.katex .katex-overlay{display:block}.katex .mtable .vertical-separator{display:inline-block;min-width:1px}.katex .mtable .arraycolsep{display:inline-block}.katex .mtable .col-align-c>.vlist-t{text-align:center}.katex .mtable .col-align-l>.vlist-t{text-align:left}.katex .mtable .col-align-r>.vlist-t{text-align:right}.katex .svg-align{text-align:left}.katex svg{fill:currentColor;stroke:currentColor;display:block;height:inherit;position:absolute;width:100%}.katex svg path{stroke:none}.katex svg{fill-rule:nonzero;fill-opacity:1;stroke-width:1;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:0;stroke-opacity:1}.katex img{border-style:none;max-height:none;max-width:none;min-height:0;min-width:0}.katex .katex-stretchy{display:block;overflow:hidden;position:relative;width:100%}.katex .katex-stretchy:after,.katex .katex-stretchy:before{content:""}.katex .hide-tail{overflow:hidden;position:relative;width:100%}.katex .halfarrow-left{left:0;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;width:50.2%}.katex .halfarrow-right{overflow:hidden;position:absolute;right:0;width:50.2%}.katex .brace-left{left:0;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;width:25.1%}.katex .brace-center{left:25%;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;width:50%}.katex .brace-right{overflow:hidden;position:absolute;right:0;width:25.1%}.katex .x-arrow-pad{padding:0 .5em}.katex .cd-arrow-pad{padding:0 .55556em 0 .27778em}.katex .mover,.katex .munder,.katex .x-arrow{text-align:center}.katex .boxpad{padding:0 .3em}.katex .fbox,.katex .fcolorbox{border:.04em solid;box-sizing:border-box}.katex .cancel-pad{padding:0 .2em}.katex .cancel-lap{margin-left:-.2em;margin-right:-.2em}.katex .katex-sout{border-bottom-style:solid;border-bottom-width:.08em}.katex .angl{border-right:.049em solid;border-top:.049em solid;box-sizing:border-box;margin-right:.03889em}.katex .anglpad{padding:0 .03889em}.katex .reflectbox{display:inline-block;transform:scaleX(-1)}.katex .eqn-num:before{content:"(" counter(katexEqnNo) ")";counter-increment:katexEqnNo}.katex .mml-eqn-num:before{content:"(" counter(mmlEqnNo) ")";counter-increment:mmlEqnNo}.katex .mtr-glue{width:50%}.katex .cd-vert-arrow{display:inline-block;position:relative}.katex .cd-label-left{display:inline-block;position:absolute;right:calc(50% + .3em);text-align:left}.katex .cd-label-right{display:inline-block;left:calc(50% + .3em);position:absolute;text-align:right}.katex-display{display:block;margin:1em 0;text-align:center}.katex-display>.katex{display:block;text-align:center;white-space:nowrap}.katex-display>.katex>.katex-html{display:block;position:relative}.katex-display>.katex>.katex-html>.katex-tag{position:absolute;right:0}.katex-display.leqno>.katex>.katex-html>.katex-tag{left:0;right:auto}.katex-display.fleqn>.katex{padding-left:2em;text-align:left}body{counter-reset:katexEqnNo mmlEqnNo}
